Beginner Runner Archives — Page 8 of 11

How to Improve Your Running Cadence

November 13, 2024November 30, 2017 by David Dack

If you want to improve your running speed while cutting injury risk, increase your running cadence.

That’s why stride cadence has become one of the key things to monitor and improve on among both elite and recreational runners.

There’s plenty of ways you can improve running cadence, but I’ve found seven that are simple, effective, and easy to implement.

But first things first, let’s delve a little deeper into cadence itself and why it matters so much.

Let’s get this ball rolling.

What Is Running Cadence?

Also known as stride rate, or leg turnover, cadence is the number of steps you take during a given period, typically measured per minute (SPM).

Running cadence is one of the most common metrics used to assess running form and remains crucial for several reasons (some of which I’ll discuss in today’s post).

Swimmers and cyclists have tracked their RPMs for decades, but the practice of monitoring running cadence only became a thing in the last few years.

Factors that determine stride rate include height, weight, fitness level, leg and stride length, etc.

What’s The Average Stride Turover?

In general, recreational runners take roughly 160 to 170 steps per mine, whereas elite athletes have cadences of 180 per minute or higher (with some reaching 200spm at their fastest speeds, when sprinting for instance).

Factors that determine your running cadence include height, weight, fitness level, leg, and stride length.

Cadence as a Sign of Good Form

One of the most common running form mistakes I see in many runners is the overstriding. When you overstride, you’ll tend to lock your knees and slam your heel hard on the ground on every foot strike.

Get this: overstriding won’t make you go faster. Instead, it’ll slow you down, creating a choppy, bouncy gait, and places additional pressure on muscles and bones, increasing the risk of injury.

Here is the good news

One way to fix overstriding is to increase your running cadence. By doing so, you’ll be taking smaller steps, with each foot landing underneath your hips, thus, within your center of gravity.

Increasing cadence can also result in more efficient running as you translate that energy into forward momentum.

Don’t get me wrong. This is not just anecdotal evidence nor simply my own observation. The fact is, science backs this up.

Prevent Running Injury—The Research

There’s plenty of research that has been devoted to running cadence, some of which have found strong links between leg turnover and injuries.

Let’s look at some of them.

A study published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise has provided evidence that subtle increases in cadence can reduce the energy absorbed by a runner’s weight-bearing joints.

The researchers recruited a group of young athletes to run on the treadmill at different step frequencies using a metronome.

The subjects were told to run as their usual cadence, faster than their usual cadence, and slower than their usual cadence, and then, while using three-dimensional kinematics, the researchers looked at the impact forces going through the hips, knees, and ankle joints.

The Conclusion?

When the participants adopted a running cadence around 15 percent faster than their preferred step frequency, the load on their weight-bearing joints significantly decreased.

This, as the researchers hypothesized, may help prevent common overuse running injuries.

What’s more?

Researchers out of the University of Wisconsin-Madison have reached a similar conclusion.

They examined the link between running cadence and impact concluded that mild increases in running cadence could drastically lessen the stress shock to the knee and hip joint during running. This may work very well in the treatment and prevention of common running overuse injury.

Here are more links to further research.

Link 4

What is the Ideal Running Cadence?

According to conventional thinking, a good running cadence is roughly 180 steps per minute.

But here is the truth. Contrary to popular belief in most running circles, there is no such a thing as an ideal, universal, running cadence.

The Origins Of The 180spm Myth

According to conventional thinking, the magic number when it comes to cadence is 180-or so, but is it true? Where does that number come from?

Certainly, it didn’t come out of thin air. The 180- rule was first observed at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Game by Jack Daniels.

During these Olympics, the world-renowned exercise scientist looked at the total stride rate of Olympic runners and found that the fastest and most efficient runners took at least 180 steps per minutes, with some reaching as high as 200 SPM, regardless of their size or gender.

Unfortunately, as far as I can tell both from my personal experience and the research, most of Daniel’s work has been taken out of context whenever his work is cited to back up the 180 SPM rule.

The 180-SPM Debunked

Jack Daniel’s conclusion isn’t a universal rule. It doesn’t mean that every runner, especially recreation runners, MUST have a 180spm cadence.

Here’s the truth. The 180-SPM rule represents the statistical average of an efficient running cadence. You may take slightly fewer or more steps per minute, and you won’t be breaking any “running commandments.”

What most recent studies found is that cadence is not a one-size-fits-all. It, in reality, hinges on many factors, such as pace, etc.

These differences mean that works the best for one runner (or a bunch of elite Olympic runners for that matter) may not necessarily work for all.

What you should do instead, according to scientists in the field of biomechanics, is to measure your cadence and set a goal to increase by five to ten percent—even if it doesn’t result in a 180 SPM number.

Running Cadence – What’s The Ideal StrideTurnover & How to Improve it

Now that you have a clear understanding of what cadence is as well as the many factors that affect it, you can work on improving it (if need be).

Here are a few guidelines that can help.

Find Your Running Cadence

The first step to improve your running cadence is to first figure out your current leg turnover.

As previously stated, the exact number will vary, mainly, according to the type of run you’re performing. During faster-pace training, chances are your cadence will be quicker and faster than during long or recovery runs.

For instance, your racing/speed training cadence will be faster than your basic training level. Your leg turnover will also be different up or downhill sections.

For that reason, you’d need first to set your cadence zones up by determining your leg turnover for various paces, including recovery runs, 5K training, tempo running, marathon, etc.

The Basic Run Cadence Test

Find a smooth, flat surface to perform the test. I recommend a long stretch of road or track. Next, after a thorough warm-up, get in your usual running pace. Then, count the number of foot strikes you take per minute with both feet.

To make it easier, pick either your right or left foot, then count the number it hits the ground in a minute. Next, multiply that by two to get the total number of steps.

Example. Let’s imagine yours was 77. Double that to get the total steps taken by both feet, which is 154. That’s your cadence for that specific running speed.

The Multi-Pace Cadence Test

Hop on a treadmill, then after a 10-minute warm-up, increase your speed by 30-second per mile until you reach your easy training pace.

Next, give yourself two to three minutes to adjust to the speed, then count your steps for one full minute.

Record the number, then speed up to your next pace.

You can also do this on a track, but doing it in the controlled environment of a treadmill is more accurate—especially if you already know your average pace.

Increase Your Leg Turnover By 5 to 10 Percent

Now that you have a number, you can gradually work on improving your current cadence for various types of runs.

I hate to sound like a broken record but, just like anything training related, it’s essential to take it slow.

According to a University of Wisconsin-Madison research, the safest and most efficient way to improve cadence is to increase it by 5 to 10 percent at a time.

For example, if your easy runs cadence is 156spm, your goal cadence should be between 163 and 169.

Add “Faster Cadence” Segments

To make a smooth transition into your goal cadence(s), add short segments into your runs. During these segments, try to keep your new leg turnover for a predetermined time/distance.

For example, one minute of slightly quicker cadence followed by three to five minutes of your base rhythm. You can also do it by distance, running every third mile or so at a relatively faster leg turnover while maintaining the same effort level.

After a while, you’ll be able to do this without consciously thinking about it.

Your first session at this improved cadence might look as follows:

10 minutes warm-up
One minute easy running at a cadence of 164
Five minute easy running at base cadence
One minute easy running at a cadence of 165
Five minute easy running at base cadence
One minute easy running at a cadence of 166
5-minute cool-down.

Take Small Steps

Form also matters when trying to increase cadence.

Get this. You’ll not be able to increase your running cadence by running faster, but by reducing your stride length. That’s why one little form tweak I’d recommend is to focus on taking smaller steps.

Keep your feet close to the ground. Think shuffling motion. Your feet should barely leave the ground (but be careful on trails and rugged terrains). This might feel awkward at first, but as training progresses, it will become second nature.

Additional source – Here’s the full guide to average stride length.

Use a Cadence Metronome

According to my own experience, the simplest way to speed u your leg turnover is to run with a metronome (and yes, of course, there’s an app for that)

The metronome is a device that produces a predetermined number of clicks or beat per minute that sets the pace for you. This device is great because with its help you’ll no longer have to count the number of steps you take per minute.

Instead, you run to the rhythm of the metronome where each click or beat equals a step.

Of course, certain running watches (such as Garmin 735XT) have a metronome feature built in. You can also use an app, like Audiostep, Cadence Trainer, or BeatRun.

Use the 180 Beats Songs

Another smart tactic to help you accelerate the transition to a faster cadence is to download 10 to 12 songs around 180bmp (or near your goal cadence), so your foot strike can sync in with the music.

For that, you’ll either need an online recommendation or get a program that analyzes songs and provides the beats per minute.

Use a website, like JogTunes, to find songs with beats that match your desired running cadence. These websites have long lists of music playlists that meet a variety of cadences. Perfect for a music lover.

Just remember to keep a steady pace by making sure your feet always strike the ground on the beat.

Practice Fast Cadence Drills

Having trouble increasing your cadence? Then you might need some drill training to “drill” faster leg turnover.

These simple drills can help your feet to move quick and light, which in turn helps your body get used to a faster leg turnover.

Here is one exercise to try.

Start by standing tall while assuming an athletic stance with your feet shoulder width apart, core engaged, and back straight. Next, while positioning your arms as if you were running, begin marching in place and swinging your arms.

Once you nail the form, speed it up to a jog, lifting up your knees and driving your arms across your body. Then, run in place as fast you can.

As you pick up the pace, keep a good posture, and gaze forward rather than looking down at your feet.

Your knees should be pointing straight ahead, and heels are touching the floor.

Here are three more drills that I believe to be super helpful.

Drum Major

Butt Kicks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfCH8LMmLH8

High Knees

Just whatever you do, make sure you’re moving as fast as possible during the drills. That’s how you imprint faster leg motion.

Do Workouts That Require Faster Leg Turnover

Workouts like strides and downhill sprints train your muscles to react and move quicker, helping improve stride rate naturally.

Just be careful when performing these workouts since they can increase injury risk if you run with bad form or if you’re out of shape.

Strides

Strides consist of fast acceleration of running at 80 to 90 percent of maximum effort. One stride should take you about 20 to 30 seconds.

Here is how to add them to your training routine.

At the end of your workout, run hard for 20 to 30 seconds—or the equivalent of 100 meters—while keeping the focus on fast leg turnover and strong arm drive.

Next, give yourself two minutes to fully recover, then repeat.

Start with four strides a couple of times per week, then after three to four weeks, increase that to six or eight.

Downhill Sprints

Downhill sprint is ideal for improving your technique and increase your leg turnover.

After a thorough warm-up on a flat surface, find a hill with a 4 to 6 percent gradient incline. Speed up on the descent, reaching maximum speed velocity at the end of the hill. Jog slowly or walk back to the top, then repeat.

Whatever you do, don’t overstride. Instead, reduce your stride length, focusing on a fast and light turnover.

Then jog back do to recover. Rinse and repeat for 15 to 20 minutes. Here are five hill workouts to try.

Take Your Time

Like anything with exercise, it’s important to take it slow. Don’t try to chew more than you can swallow. Otherwise, you’re going to regret it.

Improving running cadence is not rocket science, but it does take time. You cannot (nor should you try) to increase it overnight. If you do so, you’ll get hurt.

As a rule, give yourself a couple of months for your body to adapt to your new cadence. The full transition and adaptation can take six to eight week before you start feeling comfortable with the faster cadence.

It’s going to take you a lot of focus and commitment over that week to stay in turn your stride rate, focusing not only on your cadence but also knee drive and landing midfoot under your body.

The Conclusion

What I like about cadence is that it’s a straightforward concept.

Regardless of your current fitness level or training goals, you can always benefit from increasing your cadence.

Of course, it might feel odd during the first few sessions, but with practice and patience you can find your ideal training cadence and reap the benefits of increased running speed and reduced injury.

Feel free to leave your comments and questions in the section below.

Thank you for reading my post

David D.

Running Program Design – How to Make a Running Plan

July 9, 2024October 30, 2017 by David Dack

Looking for the best advice on how to how to make a running plan? Then you’ve come to the right place.

Here’s the truth.

Running programs are super helpful.

This is especially the case if are serious about reaching your full running potential.

But here is the bad news…

The topic of workout program design can be a complicated, mind-numbing, process.

So, it’s not surprising that scores of recreational runners have trouble when it comes to planning their running training program.

That said, today I got you covered.

There is no need to make this more complicated than it has to be.

After all, workout routine design is no quantum physics nor rocket science.

In this article, I’m going to teach how to create your plan by breaking down the essentials of running program design.

I’ll also be reviewing some of the core principles of training.

So, by following the steps laid down below, you’ll be able to plan an effective, and lasting, running program plan.

So, are you excited?

Then here we go.

How to Make a Running Plan – The Rules

With so many running programs out there, separating between the endurance-builders and the time-waster is no easy feat.

Just Google the words “running training program,” and you’ll get over 621,000 different results, each one promising to be the answer to your running prayers.

Couldn’t be further from the truth.

The fact is, a good running program should be developed around your own running goals and preferences, period.

So, for instance, a beginner runner who trains to lose weight will have a much different running approach than an elite athlete training for their next personal best.

Get it?

Here is what a personalized running program should take into account:

Fitness level
Personality
Personal preferences
Training background and history
Schedule
Short term running goals
Long-term running goals
Ultimate fitness objective

5 Steps To Help You To Create a Running Program

Designing a well-balanced and effective running program is a process that consists of five rudimentary steps.

Step. 1 – Assess your Fitness and Health

The first step you should take when designing your running plan is the consultation process.

The right running program should conform to your fitness level, needs, and personal needs.

Not the other way around.

Otherwise, you’re heading in the wrong direction.

For that reason, you have to assess your specific and particular strengths and weakness.

You’d need to know what you are (naturally) good at, and what needs improving.

Questions to Ask

Since running program design is a DIY project for you, you’re going to administer the consultation for yourself.

So, sit down, grab a pen and paper, and answer the following questions as honestly as possible.

Are you out of shape?
Do you have chronic injuries?
Do you have any lingering pains or aches?
Are you within the healthy weight range?
Do you have high blood pressure?
Are under any the supervision of any doctor concerning physical activity?

Judging the Answers

If you answered “no” to all of the above questions, then you’ve passed the first step with flying colors.

Congratulations!

By doing so, you’ll be assured that you can begin a vigorous training program without worrying about getting hurt in the process.

And that’s a good thing if you ask me.

That said, if you’re not clear on the answers, then you might need to dig a little bit deeper into your current physical and health condition.

For that, check these two posts:

Post 1

Post 2

The complete assessment will give you a benchmark against which you can gauge your progress (or lack thereof).

I hate to sound boring, but if you’re over the age of 40 and have not exercised in a while, then you SHOULD always check with a certified physician before getting started.

That’s the cardinal rule of safe training.

You should never ignore it.

Note – Looking for the best Beginner’s Guide To Running?
Then Check my Runners Blueprint System Here.

Step. 2 Assess Your Time/Schedule

To choose the most suitable running plan, first, you have to assess your schedule, calendar and time.

These questions can help.

How many days a week do you want to exercise?
How many hours per week you’re willing to exercise?
Which specific days of the week work the best to support it?
When can you start?
Where will you run? On a treadmill? At a stadium? Trails? Around the neighborhood?

Scheduling Your Running Workouts

Pull out your daily calendar and, based on your answers to the previous questions assess the weeks (and months) ahead of you.

Next, schedule your runs, choosing the three to five days per week in which you’ll train.

Once you do that, mark it on your daily plan and schedule it like you’d an appointment.

Then cross train on the off-days doing another activity, such as walking, yoga, strength training, etc.

Prioritize, Prioritize, Prioritize

Once you have your chosen days, pledge to yourself to train no matter what.

Keep in mind that consistency is the most crucial pillar in creating and executing a successful running training program.

Additional resource – Guide to running slang

Step. 3 Set The Right Goals

If you needed a ride to the post office, would you hop on a bus that’s headed for the beach?

Of course not.

Well, the same principle applies to starting a running program.

Every plan is a vehicle that takes a specific route toward a well-defined running goal.

That’s why every good running program should have a well-defined goal in sight.

When you set clear and well-defined goals, everything will fall into its place, and you’ll no longer be second-guessing yourself every step of the way.

After all, the specific elements of your running program depend on your ultimate training purpose.

To clarify your goals, answer the following:

What is your ultimate fitness goal?
Why do you want to start running?
What do you want from running?
What is your primary running goal?
What your secondary running and fitness goals?
What are your short-term running and fitness goals?
What are your long-term running and fitness goals?

Make your Goals Smart

As a rule of thumb, your goals must be specific, measurable, set within a time limit, challenging yet realistic.

So, for instance, a SMART goal might a personal target to run a particular distance within a specific time, complete a race or event, or anything else in between.

Here are a few examples to consider:

Run a sub 30-minute 5K the end of next July,
Run a minimum of 20 miles per week for each of the following four weeks.

For the full guide on my personal goal setting process, check my post here.

Keep It Simple, Stupid!

Just don’t get me wrong.

Your running goals do not have to be complicated and challenging.

In fact, it can be a simple as “run three times a week” or “be able to run for 45 minutes non-stop”.

Step. 4 Choose The Running Workouts

Now that you have your fitness assessment, and goals set, it is time to put it all together into a practical schedule.

The next step in this process is to design your actual running routine.

This is the most extensive part of training design, and where things might start to get a little complicated, so bear with me, please.

Build Your Base

Building a solid foundation base requires a variety of running workouts.

In general, aim for three to four hours of total running time per week, ideally at least three to four separate sessions.

This, of course, will vary depending on your running goals and fitness level.

On the off days, you can choose to cross train or rest.

Do a Variety of Workouts

For a well-designed and well-rounded running program, incorporate in plenty of different types of runs of different distances and training paces.

Variety will not only help you beat the monotony of running the same 5-mile loop over and over again but also help you reach your full running potential.

You can find out more about the importance of training variety here.

Here is the long list of running sessions that you could work into your schedule.

Running Workouts

Easy runs
Recovery run
Interval repeats
Ladder runs
Pyramid Runs
Progression runs
Tempo runs
Fartlek runs
Hill reps
Strides
Long runs
Negative splits
Yass0 800’s

The Cross Training

Pick three days for cross training or active recovery.

During your rest and CT days, keep your body moving without putting too much pressure on it.

This continuous pattern of training can help build the habit of daily exercise in your life while further improving your aerobic conditioning and muscular strength.

For more on the benefits of cross-training for runners, check my article here.

Here is a list of cross training sessions to consider:

Strength training
Swimming
Agility ladder training
Spinning
Yoga
Rowing
Pilates
Foam rolling
Etc

Step. 5 Choose a Weekly Running Schedule

To help you make sense of the above, here are three exemplary weekly workout templates to give an idea on how to proceed.

Monday: moderate or high-intensity workout
Tuesday: Easy Run or Cross Train
Wednesday: Easy run
Thursday: Moderate or high-intensity workout
Friday: Easy Run or Cross Train
Saturday: Long Run
Sunday: Rest or Cross Train

Beginner Runner Plan

Monday: 30- to 45-minute easy effort pace
Tuesday: Rest
Wednesday: 10 minute warm-up + 20-minute at tempo pace
Thursday: Cross train
Friday: Rest
Saturday: 60 minute at conversational pace
Sunday: Rest

Intermediary Runner Plan

Monday: 45- to 60-minute easy effort running
Tuesday: 45- to 60-minute of Cross training
Wednesday: 8 X 400m @ 85% max effort.
Thursday: 30- to 45-minute of Cross training
Friday: 30- to 45-minute of Fartlek running.
Saturday: 75- to 90-minute long run at a conversational pace
Sunday: Rest Day

Advanced Runner Plan

Monday: 10-minute warm-up + 40 minutes at tempo pace
Tuesday: 60-minute of Cross training
Wednesday: 10 X 400m @ 85% max effort.
Thursday: 30 minutes of easy running
Friday: 30 to 45 minutes of Fartlek training
Saturday: 90- to 120-minute long run at a conversational pace
Sunday: Rest or crosstrain

Don’t get me wrong. These templates are not written in stone.

Therefore, feel free to come up with different templates if this one does not fit your schedule.

In fact, you can always create your own—as long as you’re keeping in mind the general guidelines.

Just, as a rule of thumb, surround quality workouts—think harder runs such intervals, hill reps, and long runs—with easy-paced recovery workouts that are neither intense nor long.

Commit To Paper

Commit your plan to paper.

In my experience, written plans work better.

In fact, a written plan may hold you accountable and help you stay on track for the long haul.

Grab a training journal, and jot down the days of the week along the side, then decide on what to do each day: run, cross train, or rest.

In your training journal, write down everything running and exercise-related so that you can compare yourself against a previous benchmark.

That’s why, as previously stated, setting smart goals is vital.

Having trouble with the plan?

If you’re having problems pinning down your running program, then I have a sit-down with a certified running coach or personal trainer.

They should be able to help you clear out the fog and help you develop an actionable, realistic steps toward achieving the results you’re after.

Dealing With Training Cycles

To stay focused during training cycles, break down your plan into blocks of 4 to 6 weeks, with the last week of each cycle being a recovery week.

Enter Recovery Week

A recovery week is simply a planned 30 to 40 percent reduction in running intensity and volume from the week before to aid recovery and allow the body to prepare for more training load.

During the recovery week, allow for your body to recover and re-adjust to the training load.

Please do not make the mistake of skipping this valuable training piece.

In fact, many beginners start running with a frenzied zeal—running too much, too intensely, for too long, before their bodies are used to the high impact demands of the sport.

For more on recovery, check my post here.

Bonus Tip: How Do I Become a Better Runner?

The answer to that question lies within my Runners Blueprint System.

Why?

My system was specially designed for beginners who either want to start running or take their training to the next level, but have little clue on how to do it.

And don’t worry, my ebook is written in a conversational, jargon-free, style. All you need to do is download it, follow the simple instructions, then start seeing results ASAP.

Here’s what it includes :

How to quickly and easily get started running (it’s indeed is easier than you’d think!)
How fast (or slow) should you go on your first sessions
The exact 13 questions you need to answer before you a buy a running shoe
The seven most common running injuries….how to deal with them before they progress into major ones!
The quick standing stretching routine that keeps you flexible even if you’re busy as hell
The 10-minute warm-up you must do before any session to get the most of your training
And much, much more.

Click HERE to get started with The Runners Blueprint System today!

How to Make a Running Plan – The Conclusion

By following the above steps, you’ll be able to craft a well-structured running program that will be gradual, organized and in tune with your fitness level and training goals.

Just make sure to take action on what you’ve just learned. Speed of implementation is key.

In the meantime, thank you for reading my post

David D

Why & How To Keep a Running Journal

July 11, 2024October 30, 2017 by David Dack

Want to start keeping a running journal, but don’t know where or how to start?

Then you’re in the right place.

For many years, I chose to not keep a running journal for purely laziness reasons.

Once I got over myself and started keeping track of my runs, my training routine experience evolved drastically.

I’d go as far as to claim that a running diary should not be optional.

Why?

Because it can be a great tool to help you grow as a runner and fitness enthusiast.

Here’s the good news.

Keeping a running diary is no rocket science.

It doesn’t have to be complicated if once you learn how to do it the right, a simple, way.

In today’s post, I’m going to spill the beans on how to keep a workout journal the right way.

Are you excited?

Then here we go.

Why & How To Keep a Running Journal

A running log, journal, or diary, is a record where you can keep tabs on your runs, races, injuries, diet and pretty much anything else training-related.

It’s, in essence, a written record of observations, suggestions, experiences, and events.

If you don’t already use a training log to monitor your running, here are five good reasons to start today.

Know Your Goals

A running journal is an ideal place for tracking your running goals and keeping them in sight.

Further, by monitoring your training goals, you’ll make sure you’re not increasing mileage too slowly or too quickly.

This can help you find the sweet training spot in which you’re challenging yourself without hurting yourself.

Monitor Your Progress

A training log can be your best tool for reference.

It can help you monitor your progress as you move through your running program, allowing you to look back over a detailed record of your running history.

Monitor Injuries

By keeping track of aches and pains, you’d be able to pinpoint the onset of an injury, find the causes and prevent serious ramifications.

After all, overuse running injuries do not happen overnight.

In fact, every injury comes with a list of warning signs.

You just have to be able to listen and re-adjust accordingly.

Boost Your Performance

Assessing your training diary on a regular basis can help you determine which workout and diet approaches have been most effective at improving your running performance.

This, in turn, can help make the right training decision for both the short and long term.

Hold You Accountable

Think of your training journal as a contract between yourself and it.

A written pledge to do what it takes to get the job done—no matter what the circumstance.

Less Confusion

A good workout journal helps take the guesswork out of your training because everything you do has a purpose—or at least it should.

Your training becomes focused, result-driven, and conscious.

Keep Track.

A workout diary is a great place for tracking your fitness goals and keeping them in sight.

Just remember to write down your specific goals, like when you want to be able to run 10k under one hour or the number of intervals you want to perform, then check to see how long it takes you to achieve them.

Monitor Injuries

By keeping track of aches and pains, you’d be able to pinpoint the onset of an injury, find the causes and prevent serious ramifications.

Helps you Find weaknesses

A good workout journal provides with a plan to chip away at your weaknesses.

Whether you spend more time doing long runs to boost endurance or power up with interval sprints to increase your speed, you name it!

Choosing The Format Of A Running Journal

Hopefully, by now, I’ve sold you on running journals.

So, what kind of workout log should you use?

When it comes to the format of your running log, there are many options to consider.

These include notebooks, a standard bound training journal, an app, an online training log, a vlog, or just loose scraps of paper.

With that all being said, there is no right or wrong way to keep a running journal.

As long as it’s delivering, you’re good to go.

The Easy Way

I suggest that you opt for the one that’s most convenient and most appealing to you.

It can be as simple as a notation in a notebook or calendar.

As a result, I recommend that you get started by purchasing an ordinary paper diary.

I personally love the blank cardboard notebooks from Molesky as since they are so simple to use and portable.

Digital Tracking

Are you a technically inclined runner? Then use technical tools.

These savvy tools are designed to make it easy for you to monitor your daily workout and calorie intake, providing you with a lot of tools and helpful resources—something that cannot be found in a standard paper workout journal.

Microsoft Word. Use a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel or Google Sheet.

Or a simple text editor on your desktop computer as your running log.

Use an app. Like MyFitnessPal or FitDay.

Go online. Join a website or forum.

Examples include DailyMile.com and MapMyRun.com.

Start blogging. Create your own blog, or vlog, to keep up with your running and fitness results.

As you can see, you have so many choices to pick from.

Just whatever you choose.

So, find the method that works the best for you, and keep doing it day after day, week after week, month after, etc.

You get it.

What to Log? The Main Running Data to Monitor

Once you choose the format, the next thing you need to consider is what to log—what information to write down and keep track of.

A good training log can record virtually anything you find relevant to your running routine.

Here are a few of the details to include:

Prescribed run, and actual run completed
Average pace.
Time and date of your run
Average running speed (using an app).
Record aches and pains. This can help prevent injury shortly.
For speedwork sessions, record your distance and splits.
Your running route.
Your pre- and post-run foods and drinks, and if possible, the night before.
Your heart rate.
Pre-run dynamic warm-up moves and post-run stretches.
Running shoes. Noting your shoe purchase date, miles, and which shoes you wear in each session.
Your short and long-term goals
Statistics related to your cross-training exercises, especially resistance training.
Virtually anything else or additional information you find important about your running program.

The Minimum to Keep Track of

If this feels too much, then don’t feel overwhelmed.

At a bare minimum, especially if you’re crunched for time, there are just a few essential types of information you need to record.

Most recreational runners start by recording their distances, times, and little else.

Therefore, a running log entry could be as simple as “3 miles (30:41).”

Also, make sure to estimate your average pace per mile by time rather than by distance.

New to Running? Start Here…

If you’re serious about running, getting fit, and staying injury free, then make sure to download my Runners Blueprint Guide!

Inside this guide, you’ll learn how to start running and lose weight weight the easy and painless way. This is, in fact, your ultimate manifesto to becoming a faster and a stronger runner. And you want that, don’t you?

Click HERE to check out my Runners Blueprint System today!

Don’t miss out! My awesome running plan is just one click away.

Running Workouts to Build Strength and Endurance

November 19, 2024September 20, 2017 by David Dack

Imagine reading your favorite book or watching your favorite TV show over and over again and for days on end.

After a few weeks, the entertainment value would vanish, and you’d start to dread what was once a gratifying activity, yet that’s what many of us do with our running.

Most runners log nearly all of their runs at the same general distance and intensity, usually around 60 to 70 percent of their max effort.

Doing the same workout day in day out is a recipe for boredom and plateaus.

It’s the kind of a mistake that keeps you from reaching your full running potential.

Therefore, if you’re serious about reaching your running goals, you need to change your ways.

You Need Variety, Period

The following running workouts cover the gamut of running sessions you need to do as a runner.

Each workout has a unique set of traits that contribute to the entirety of your running performance.

The Reasons You Should Care

As a runner, you should vary your training routine for two fundamental reasons:

(1) To prevent the boredom that comes with repeating the same session over and over again, and

(2) To prevent or postpone reaching a plateau in running performance and, therefore, running results.

In today’s article, you’ll learn about the six essential running sessions.

The workouts shared within this article cover the whole range of sessions you need to do as a runner.

Each workout has a unique set of qualities that contribute to the whole of your running growth.

The information is also applicable to beginners and veterans, the young and the elderly, men and women—as long as you’re willing to listen to your body and remain within your fitness skill the entire time.

The 7 Running Workouts You Need To Do

Here are the building blocks of a well-rounded running program

Easy runs
Tempo runs
Interval runs
Pyramid runs
Hill runs
Fartlek runs
Long runs

Let’s break down each session.

New to Running? Start Here…

If you’re serious about running, getting fit, and staying injury free, then make sure to download my Runners Blueprint Guide!

Click HERE to check out my Runners Blueprint System today!

Don’t miss out! My awesome running plan is just one click away.

Click HERE to get The Runners Blueprint System today!

Running Workout 1 – The Recovery Run

Recovery runs are short sessions done at a relatively easy pace.

As you probably guessed from the name, recovery runs speed your recovery from the previous hard training workout.

That’s the theory, anyway.

I’m not aware of any scientific evidence that supports this claim, but going easy does build proper form, increases endurance, and builds mileage.

How far and/or easy you go depends on a slew of factors including fitness level, training goals, and schedule.

As a general rule, your recovery sessions should be easier and shorter than your other workouts.

When To Do Them

Whenever you run again 24 hours following a high-intensity session or a long run, your next run should be a recovery workout.

Keep in mind that these sessions are only a must if you run more than three times a week.

If it’s not the case, then make each session “quality workout.”

Sample Workout

Do a recovery workout after a hard training session, such as when you do interval workouts, hill reps, or long runs

Between 3 and 5 miles is a pretty standard distance and you should shoot for between 20 and 40 minutes per session.

Start the workout at an easy pace, then keep it up at 60 to 70 percent of maximum effort.

Additional resource – Running Vs. Strength training

The Pace

Perform your recovery runs at a relatively leisurely pace, which is 90 to 120 seconds per mile slower than your current 5K pace.

Got no idea what’s a 5K pace?

Then do the talk test.

If you can keep a conversation going, speaking in full sentences, without gasping for air with every step you take.

If it’s not the case, then slow down.

Running Workouts 2 – The Tempo Run

Tempo runs are sustained sessions at a challenging but controlled pace. These can last 45 minutes or longer.

Tempo running increases lactate threshold, which is the point at which the human body produces greater amounts of lactate than it can clear from the muscles and bloodstream.

What does this mean?

When you increase your lactate threshold, you’ll be able to sustain a faster pace for longer.

The Pace

The ideal pace is often described as comfortably hard.

The ideal tempo pace is a comfortably hard pace that can be maintained for a prolonged period.

The pace is hard enough to require pushing, but not too challenging to where one can no longer sustain the pace.

For most runners, the ideal temp space translates to 80 to 90 percent of max.

That’s slightly slower than your 10K race pace, or at least 30 seconds per mile slower than your current 5k pace

Sample Workout

Start your run with a 10-minute warm-up jog, then gradually increase your speed until you’re running at tempo pace.

Sustain that pace for 15 to 30 minutes, depending on your fitness level and training goals.

Finish your workout with a decent cool-down.

Stretch afterward.

Running Workout 3 – The Interval Run

When it comes to speedwork training, interval training is the way to go.

Interval running consists of short bouts of fast running separated by low-intensity recovery.

It involves running—or sprinting—for a set distance, repeated for a set number of times, at the same pace.

A typical distance can be as short as 100 meters but can stretch to as far as a mile depending on the runner’s fitness level and training (or racing) goals.

This all-out effort should be followed by a period of recovery, which can consist of low-intensity jogging or walking.

Research has shown that interval training increases endurance, burns mad calories, boosts agility, and improves stride rate.

Be Careful

Interval runs are hard on your joints and muscles, as you’re pounding them with a force of up to 6 to 8 times of your body weight on each foot strike.

If you’re a beginner, work on building a solid form before you give this type of training a shot.

Otherwise, you’re asking for trouble in the form of premature fatigue, injury, or even a painful burnout.

Pace

Mainly depends on the length of the intervals you’re doing.

The shorter the sprinting segments, the harder you push.

As a general rule, perform the high-intensity segment at 90 to 98 percent maximum effort.

You’re going too slow if you can keep a conversation going.

Sample Workout

After a thorough dynamic warm-up, perform eight 400m repeats, following each rep with a 2-minute walk/jog recovery period.

Finish the session with a 5-minute slow jog as cool down.

Running Workout 4 – The Ladder Run

If you’re bored with doing classic intervals, the ladder variation is an excellent way to challenge yourself and mix things up.

Ladder workouts involve climbing up, down, or both, all in a single workout. The runner slows down and recovers fully between each interval.

Sample Workout

This is a 6-4-2-1-2-4-6 pyramid run workout.

Begin by performing a 10-minute dynamic warm-up.

Then, do the following:

Run for 6 minutes at your current 5K pace. Recover for three minutes.
Run for 4 minutes at 85 to 90 percent of maximum effort. Recover for two minutes.
Run for 2 minutes at 90 percent of max effort. Recover for one minute.
Run for 1 minute at maximum effort. Recover for one minute.
Run for 2 minutes at 90 percent of max effort. Recover for one minute.
Run for 4 minutes at 85 to 90 percent of maximum effort. Recover for 2 minutes.
Run for 6 minutes at your current 5K pace.

Finish your workout with a 5-minute slow jog as a cool down.

Please keep in mind that this is a demanding workout that tests both your speed and endurance.

Be careful, and remember to stay within your fitness level the entire time.

Running Workout 5 –The Fartlek Run

Fartlek training is my favorite workout on this list.

It combines fast running intervals with low-to-moderate efforts.

Each interval varies in distance, duration, and speed.

Fartlek is an excellent introduction to the world of speedwork training.

It’s ideal for beginners looking to get a taste of speedwork before taking the full plunge.

Sample Workout

After a warm-up, pick an object in the distance, whether it’s a street corner, a stationary car, a tree, or a signpost.

Run to it as hard as you can, then slow down and recover by jogging /walking to another landmark.

Sight your next target and do it again, repeating the process for at least 20 to 30 minutes.

Finish the workout with a decent cooldown.

The Pace

There are no rules. You choose how fast or slow you go.

Running Workout 6 – The Hill Session

Once you’ve developed enough cardio power and stamina, hills runs are the next frontier.

They consist of repeated short or long bursts of intense effort up a hill, and have plenty to offer.

Uphill running builds explosive strength and power, which helps you improve your speed and running economy.

It also boosts aerobic power, improves pain tolerance, and builds proper form.

One of the best things about hill training is that what goes up must come down.

The downhill part of your run will increase strength and endurance in your joints and tendons, plus it works the quads like nothing else.

The Pace

The ideal pace should be difficult to sustain, especially near the top.

To make sure you’re doing it right, focus on taking short strides and go as fast as you can while keeping good form.

Sample Workout

Find a good hill that features a stable, moderate gradient of 4 to 7 percent.

It should take you 30 to 45 seconds to run up your chosen hill at a challenging level of effort.

Start with a 10-minute jog on a flat surface, then perform 8 to 10 30-second hill climbs with 90-second jogging recovery breaks between each rep.

When you’re done, cool down for 5 minutes.

Running Workout 7 – The Long Run Workout

The long run is just what it sounds like – a sustained running effort at an easy and steady pace.

Long runs are one of the most important sessions of the week.

They develop endurance, improve form, increase lung power, and get your body ready for any distance.

Sample Workout

Run for one hour or longer at a pace that allows you to hold a conversation effortlessly.

If you’re panting for breath, slow down to a walk until you’re breathing easily.

Then start running again.

You should feel moderately fatigued at the end of your session.

If you’re completely exhausted, you’re doing it wrong.

Leave something in the tank.

As a rule of thumb, do not increase your long run length—duration, distance, or both—by no more than 10 to 15 percent per week.

Your Training Pace

Perform your long runs at about one minute slower than marathon pace, or around 90 to 120 seconds per mile slower than current 10K speed.

Also, keep your heart rate within 65 to 75 percent of maximum power.

To err on the side of caution, do not go over the fast end of that range because that will put you at a higher risk of injury, excessive fatigue, and burnouts.

Putting it All Together

By now you should understand what makes up a well-rounded running routine.

Your next step is to put your newfound knowledge into action.

Let’s assume you’re a recreational runner looking to improve your running fitness.

Maybe you’re thinking of participating in a 5K, or want to take your running to the next level.

Here’s a Weekly Training Schedule Sample to get you started on the right foot.

Monday – Speed Workout – 8 X 200m with a 30-second recovery period
Tuesday – Recovery run – 30 minutes at a conversational pace
Wednesday – Hill reps – 10 X 30-seconds uphills with one-minute recovery periods
Thursday – Fartlek Workout – 30 minutes of unstructured speed work
Friday – Rest
Saturday – Long run– 10-miles at a relaxed pace
Sunday—Rest or Cross-train

Rome Was Not Built In A Day, and Your Running Program Shouldn’t Be Either

I want to be perfectly clear.

I’m not saying that you should start a challenging program next week, filled with lots of sprints, hill work and long distance running.

That’s a recipe for disaster.

What I’m trying to do here is sell you on the importance of variety.

Add these new workouts to your training program gradually.

You like where you’re heading?

Do a little more.

You always have a choice.

Keep Track

Before you jump in and give these workouts a shot, keep tabs on your training and progress in a workout log.

What should you be keeping track of?

Any or all of the following:

Running duration
Running distance
Running intensity
Recovery length between intervals
How you felt both during and after training
Your training load (which is intensity and volume)
Pains, aches, and nagging injuries
Motivation level
Whatever else you think is important

New to Running? Start Here…

If you’re serious about running, getting fit, and staying injury free, then make sure to download my Runners Blueprint Guide!

Click HERE to check out my Runners Blueprint System today!

Don’t miss out! My awesome running plan is just one click away.

Conclusion

There you have it! The above running sessions are all you need to build a well-rounded running program that will not only help improve your running performance, but get you into the best shape of your life, too.

So what are you waiting for? Take action now!

Feel free to leave your comments and questions below, and as always, thanks for stopping by. Keep running strong!

David D.

Running Gear for Beginners – Your Running Equipment Guide

November 19, 2024July 4, 2017 by David Dack

Looking for the best advice on how to choose the right running gear? Then you have come to the right place.

Here’s the truth.

Your running equipment has an enormous impact on your training performance and running motivation. In fact, having the right gear is crucial—whether you’re a complete beginner or a veteran athlete.

The right gear improves your chances of success, and might even make your runs more enjoyable.

In today’s post, I’m sharing with you a list of the must-have running items for all runners, new and old.

This post will be particularly useful for those of you who don’t have the first clue as to what running gear you might—or not might not—need.

So, are you excited?

Then here we go.

What is Running Gear?

Running gear, running equipment, or running accessories, is the general term used to refer to the list of items you can wear on your person during a workout.

And it’s a big business.

From running shoes, technical clothing, performance socks, hydration belt, to sports bras, compression garments, heart monitors, and GPS watches, this niche is one of the most profitable sectors in the global fashion and sports equipment market.

So, What Do You Really Need As Running Equipment?

The answer depends on your personal preferences, training level, training goals, where you live, budget, and how much you love high-tech, stylish fitness gadgets.

Everyone is different and might be in the market for various things.

No suit fits all.

But, all in all, a basic running kit includes proper running shoes, T-shirt, shorts, socks, and a sports bra for female runners.

If you already have these in your wardrobe, then you got 90 percent of the must-have running accessories.

But how do you choose the right clothing and fabrics for running? That’s where the rest of this article comes in handy.

Running Gear 1 – Running Shoes

Your running shoes are the most important piece of protective running equipment you need as a runner.

Thus, you should spend time and money looking for the perfect pair.

If you want to stay a healthy and pain-free runner, then you need a pair of well-cushioned running shoes that feel comfortable and match your unique foot biomechanics and gait.

I hate to break it to you, but running in old or ill-fitting sneakers is not the wise thing to do.

It’s, in fact, one of the leading causes of pain and injury.

So, if you have a used pair gathering dust at the back of your closet, get rid of them, head to the closest specialty running store, and buy a new pair.

I personally like Brooke and Nike running shoes, but feel free to try out other brands and styles.

I’m not affiliated with any shoe brand, and I cannot recommend a perfect pair.

You decide.

The Main Things

So, how do you pick the right trainers?

As a rule of thumb, fit, comfort, and flexibility should be the ultimate measuring criteria whenever you’re looking for a new pair.

Here are the golden tips for picking the right sneakers:

Go shopping for a new shoe in the evening when your feet are at their biggest (our feet tend to swell after prolonged sitting or standing).
Get your shoes from a running specialty store. The pro staff will match you with the most suitable pair by assessing your foot type, running biomechanics, training needs, and personal preferences.
Leave enough wiggle room between your big toe and the end of the shoe—at least a thumbnail’s space.
Don’t under nor over pay. A cheap pair will not provide with enough support and won’t last you that long, whereas a super expensive pair is uncalled for—especially if you’re just a recreational runner.

Buy Quality

Sure, the most expensive pair in the store is not inherently the best, but, at least, don’t skimp.

You can always go for a low-priced pair, but often than not, these are made with rock-bottom, non-durable materials, which provide little to no protection.

However, a mid-range shoe—80 to $120—usually has excellent cushioning and stability properties.

If you still want to save off a few bucks then go for last year’s version of a mid or top-range shoe.

The differences won’t be that significant, but you’ll, at least, get a top-shelf pair for a fraction of the price.

Expect to pay: $80-$160

Running Gear 2 – Running Clothing

Although they’re the most critical, shoes are not the only running equipment that makes your running comfortable and more enjoyable.

Clothing also matters.

The Importance of High Tech Materials

There are many features to look for when choosing running accesories.

But most importantly, choose items made of high-performance, synthetic materials such as polyester, Coolmax nylon, or Lycra.

These wick moisture away from your body in the same way a candle absorbs liquid.

What’s more?

High-performance fabrics are also lightweight and designed to move with your body.

High-tech fabrics can help you regulate your body heat—even in weather extremes. This works by retaining heat during winter training and dissipating it during hot summer days.

For more icing on the cake, high-performance clothing dries faster. They also better endure use and washing cycles than exercise clothes made of cotton.

Say No to Cotton

Now that you know what makes great running clothing let’s discuss what you should avoid.

As a rule, say no to cotton. Cotton is comfortable only when it’s dry.

Once it gets wet, it stays wet, turning heavy and scratchy. This can chafe the skin, leading to painful blisters.

Cotton does not also allow for proper temperature regulation. You’ll overheat in the summer and freeze in the winter.

What’s more?

Avoid wearing sweatpants. These are designed to help keep your body warm in cold temperatures but can be counterproductive when running as logging the miles makes you work up some heat.

All of this heat can get trapped close to your body. In fact, the longer you run, the more uncomfortable they become.

That’s why you should only use sweatpants for short runs, especially when worn an outer layer when it’s really cold.

The Running Accessories and Clothes You Need

Here’s what to look for when buying running clothing.

Shirt

Shirt choice depends on the weather.

That’s why you will need shirts for different seasons and temperatures in a wide range of weights and fabrics.

These might include sleeveless shirt, light shirts, heavy turtlenecks, etc.

Go for Technical Fabrics

As a rule of thumb, steer clear of cotton shirts.

Technical materials feel comfortable, light and cool against the skin, unlike cotton which, once it gets wet, it stays wet, turning into cumbersome and scratchy material that can cause chafed underarms and bleeding nipples.

Furthermore, technical fabrics can regulate your body temperature by dissipating heat during hot weather training and retaining it when the temperature drops.

A good running T-shirt is typically made from nylon, or brand names like Dri-Fit, Climalite or Coolmax.

It should feel cool, light and comfortable against the skin.

To regulate body temperature, get a shirt with a mesh panel covering high heat areas such as the back, underarms, and sides.

Whatever you end up sporting, make sure it fits nicely and loosely, so it doesn’t bother you while running.

Expect to pay $20 to $50.

Additional resource – Your guide to running compression arm sleeves

Leg Attire

You’ll need leg attire that moves as you move while protecting you from the elements.

Running shorts and running tights are the best options.

These can be used both during road and off-road training.

When it comes to leg attire, the two choices I recommend are shorts and running tights.

In my experience, the best shorts are those made of breathable, lightweight fabrics, with a light mesh interior underwear lining.

Also, consider getting shorts with a key pocket or extra pockets for carrying gels, keys, ID, or phone.

Proper tights are made from high-performance stretchy fabrics, like Nylon or Supplex.

These can draw moisture away from the body, and keep you running comfortably, regardless of outdoor temperatures.

Tights also work well for the overweight beginner as they often protect against chafing and painful irritation in the inner thighs.

But, all in all, your leg attire should be made of a lightweight construction that protects you from debris and undergrowth and does not hinder your movement.

Expect to pay $20 to $60.

Additional resource – Compression leggings for running

The Shorts

Running shorts are an integral part of your running kit.

As a rule of thumb, your running shorts should provide you with enough support, comfort, and practicality.

Make sure your shorts have a non-restrictive feel.

They should provide you with a maximum range of motion for you to run at your best and unleash your full potential.

Also, consider getting shorts with an inner brief to provide with excellent internal support that acts as underwear, and a zip pocket or additional pockets for carrying your phone, keys, and/or gels during long training sessions and races.

Expect to pay $20 to $50

The Tights

Running tights come in a variety of different lengths, from knickers to 2/4-length to full-length.

So, choose whatever works the best for you.

Proper tights can help cut the risks of chafing in the inner thighs and are ideal to wear on colder days.

Tights work well for the overweight beginner as they often protect against chafing and painful irritation in the inner thighs.

Longer shorts are also an option here.

Proper tights are typically made from synthetic stretchy fabrics, such as Supplex or Polyester to provide with a flexible and stretchy fit.

Expect to pay $20 to $70

Your Underwear

Last but not least, you’ll also want to wear underwear with leg attire.

A proper pair of running underwear should provide you with a good layer of support and insulation, particularly during winter.

Go for whatever works the best for you.

As long it’s comfortable, you’re good to go.

Expect to pay: $5 to $20

Sports Bras

Listen up, ladies, a proper, high-impact, sports bra is non-negotiable for running—especially if you are serious about the sport.

An improper sports bra won’t provide you with enough support to reduce breast movement while running.

This bouncing action is not only uncomfortable but can also stretch the ligament around the breast, which is an irreversible damage in most cases.

And any permanent stretching of these supporting ligaments can cause the breast to droop.

Here is the good news.

A proper sports bra can drastically reduce that unwanted movement—by up to 50 to 60 percent according to experts.

So, whatever you end up getting, make sure it’s comfortable and has been designed for high impact activities.

Expect to pay: $20 to $50.

Running Socks

The fit of your running socks can make a huge difference in your running comfort and experience.

Thus, do not run in socks that suck.

First, your running socks should be constructed with high-performance technical materials.

These will keep your feet dry and cool, which can reduce the risks of blisters.

In fact, some high-performance socks include a mesh venting system for more breathability and comfort.
Secondly, make sure your socks are a good fit, especially under the arch of the foot and around the heel.

Avoid socks that slide off your feet or bunch up inside of your shoes.

These will irritate you while running, leading to horrid blisters.

If you are blister prone, opt for thicker running socks, or double up.

For more protection, look for socks that provide extra padding in the heel and the rear of the foot.

You can also give compression socks a try.

Expect to pay: $10 to $30

Running Jackets

When it’s too cold outside, an extra outer layer is needed to protect you from the elements.

As a rule, your running jacket must repel water, and the fabrics also wick sweat and dry fast.

It also should be breathable and have proper ventilation, so you don’t wind up sweating more because of it.

The best running jackets are usually made from fabrics like Ripstop Nylon or Pertex.

Expect to pay $20 to $70

Additional Resource – Your guid to running jackets

Running Hat

While the theory that we lose 40 percent of heat throughout the head has been debunked, it still has some extra protection against the cold.

A running winter hat will help you in cold temps.

For more protection, choose hats made of warmer fabrics like wool or cashmere to keep your head cozy.

Expect to pay $15 to $50

Additional Resource – Your guide to the best running hats.

Running Gloves

Another piece of kit that’s essential during the winter is a pair of running gloves.

Choose a pair of breathable, moisture-wicking gloves.

For freezing temperatures, go for thin linter gloves to keep your hands toasty and comfortable.

Expect to pay $20 to $60

Find the Right Mixes

Many factors determine what mixes of of running accessories needed to stay comfortable while running.

These include the time of day you train, your training intensity, workout lengths, climate conditions, outdoor temperatures, and your personal preferences.

As a rule of thumb, your running wardrobe should be versatile and adaptable, carrying you from the coldest months for the hottest months—especially if you run most of the time outdoors.

Here are a few tips to help you dress right whenever you’re heading out for a run.

Additional resource – How to choose running gaiters

Hot Weather Running

During extreme weather, you’ll want running gear that pulls moisture away from your skin, while shielding you from the sun.

This will keep you both well-hydrated and comfortable.

Dress in Layers—Winter Running

During the cold season, you need to dress warmly, but bear in mind that running will increase your heart rate and body temperature.

So, don’t overdress.

The simple solution is to dress in layers of light, breathable clothing items.

So, for instance, if halfway through the session you feel too warm, you can remove the extra layers.

The Main Layers

Start with a base layer of the close-fitting and moisture-wicking dry layer, such as a tank top, or a technical T-shirt.

Next, put on a looser fitting, warmer layer, such as a long sleeve shirt, or a fleece pullover on top.

Last up, the last layer (or the outer shell) should be a wind- and water-proof layer, such as a nylon shell or a windbreaker.

Additional resource – Prescription Glasses for runners

More Running Gear

You’ll also need headwear for different weather conditions—mainly a face mask, or balaclava for cold and win, a stocking for cold, and a cap with a visor to protect you from the sun, blinding headlights and rain.

For rainy days, opt for waterproof pants, wind-resistant jackets and sweatpants to keep you running dry and comfortable.

Want more? Here’s the full guide to winter running gear.

Running Gear 4 – Sports Watch

If you are serious about your training routine, then a specialized sports watch will come in handy.

A good GPS watch can turn each workout into a data-producing session.

It is ideal for keeping track of your running time, taking splits during the race, and help you see patterns in your training—all of which can encourage you to push the pace and run faster.

As a beginner runner, you can also use the sports watch “stop and start” button to measure run/walk intervals, making sure you’re training within your fitness level.

Not only that, this interpretive piece of equipment is often equipped with a GPS system that tracks how far and how fast you run.

Just don’t get me wrong.

As a beginner runner, you don’t need a fancy digital timepiece.

In fact, a simple watch with a stop and start button can do the trick.

Once you get more sophisticated, consider getting a running watch that can track your pace, heart rate, running intervals, and pace, etc.—especially if you do any speedwork or carefully paced workouts.

You can choose from a wide variety of watches.

They can range from a cheap Gosasa GOSK1155B costing around $12 to a several hundred dollars Garmin Forerunner 910XT multifunctional and GPS-Enabled Sports Watch.

Expect to pay: $10-$300+

Additional Resource- Here’s your guide to running sunglasses

Running Gear 5 – Headphones

I love music, and Rock My Run Premium has made my running routine tenfold more enjoyable.

Numerous studies have linked music to improved running performance, consistency, and overall more enjoyable training experience.

In other words, having something to listen to while pounding the pavement can make your runs that much better.

That’s why having a proper pair of running headphones are some of the most essential running gear you can get these days.

Good running headphones should have these three traits:

They need to be tough enough to keep up with your training,
They must be moisture-resistant so that they won’t get damaged by sweat or rain.
They should fit nicely and comfortably in your ear. If your headphones fall out as you run, they’re useless. In fact, fit is the most important factor, no matter how superior the music quality is.

In case you’re not into music, turn to Audiobooks, podcasts to keep your mind occupied during long and tedious runs.

Check out the Tim Ferris podcasts for some fantastic interviews.

Note: If you’re running outdoors on the streets, then be careful.

Listening to music while running can block out traffic noises, which can set the stage for accidents and other horrible tragedies.

So, please, put on your earbuds only you’re safe outdoor.

For more safety, go for a pair of headphones with an open design that let in ambient sounds.

Additional Resource – Here’s your guide to hydration running vests

Running Gear 6 – Heart Rate Monitor

If you are a serious runner looking unleash your full potential, or a beginner runner trying to keep your heart rate within a certain range during your runs, then training with a heart rate monitor is non-negotiable.

A heart rate monitor is strapped to your chest, and can provide you with an accurate reading of your heartbeat while exercising.

It is precisely what you need to avoid under- or overtraining.

In fact, a good heart rate monitor is just like a running coach that can help you find your sweet training spot—not too much, not too little.

You will no longer have to “guess” your pace or training intensity level.

There is a broad range of heart rate monitors to choose from.

A basic model will just monitor your heart rate, while advanced versions will produce loads of stats, including calorie burned,

Just keep in mind that HRMs are not an absolute requirement even when you are preparing for a race, but they are something to consider getting.

Plus, some advanced running watches come with a built-in heart rate monitor.

So if your watch already has one, then this is not something you have to buy separately.

Expect to pay: $30 to $350.

Additional Resource – Here’s the full guide to calf compression sleeves for running

Adding it All Up

So how much you should invest in your running kit?

As previously stated, there is no right or wrong answer to that question.

It’s all up to you.

You might already have in your current workout wardrobe the bare essential running equipment.

But, irrespective of your budget, fashion sense, technological sophistication and training goals, let functionality, fit, and comfort, be your primary guiding criteria.

Your running gear is a performance tool.

Not a fashion statement.

I cannot emphasize this enough.

Additional resource – How to find cheap running gear

New to Running? Start Here…

If you’re serious about running, getting fit, and staying injury free, then make sure to download my Runners Blueprint Guide!

Click HERE to check out my Runners Blueprint System today!

Don’t miss out! My awesome running plan is just one click away.

The Running Gait Cycle Explained

November 21, 2024June 10, 2017 by David Dack

Looking to learn more about the running gait cycle?

Well, you are in the right place.

In this (sort of technical) short blog post, I’ll teach you about the many components of running gait, gait cycle biomechanics, phases of running gait, and how to analyze your running gait cycle so you can improve your running form and performance.

Sounds great?

Let’s get started.

The Importance of The Running Gait Cycle?

Understanding gait cycle and its many components can help you pick the right running shoes and optimize your performance and training efficiency.

Not only that, learning more about your gait cycle can also help you better assess your running technique and biomechanics, which, in turn, is key for improving it.

Plus, some running experts suggest that assessing the way you run can also offer you many clues to the cause of a particular injury.

These are all valid reasons, if you ask me.

So, are you excited?

Then here we go.

First things first, let’s define what gait actually means…

What is The Running Gait Cycle?

The gait cycle describes the continuous and repetitive pattern of walking or running —in other words, how we get from point A to point B.

More specifically, gait cycle biomechanics refers to a series of movements of the lower extremities—your legs— during locomotion which starts out when one foot strikes the ground and ends when the same foot strikes the ground again.

The gait cycle typically the same for all of us as it can be split into two main phases.

The Stance Phase—when the foot is in contact with the ground, and
The Swing Phase—when the foot is not in contact with the ground.

The phases of running gait includes both a stance and swing phase.

Note: During the walking cycle (not the topic of this post), there is a period known as double stance in which both feet are in contact with the ground.

The Stance Phase Of Running

The stance phase is the first phase of the gait cycle.

It begins when your heel makes contact with the ground, and it ends with the toe off.

When it comes to performance & injury prevention, the stance phase is usually under the spotlight as it’s the phase when your foot and leg bear your body weight.

The stance phase equates to roughly 60 percent of the walking gait cycle, and 40 percent of running gait cycle.

Just keep in mind that these proportions are not written in stone as they tend to change as the speed of walking or running increases (or decreases).

The stance phase can be further divided into three stages.

It starts with initial contact, followed by midstance, then propulsion.

Initial contact

Initial contact marks the beginning of the stance phase.

Also known as foot strike, this subphase starts when your foot makes contact with the ground after having been in the air—typically heel, midfoot, or forefoot strike, based on your running speed, running style, biomechanics, etc.—and ends when the forefoot is in direct contact with the ground.

Think of initial contact as the cushioning phase of the gait cycle.

During this point in the gait, your foot is pronating at the subtalar joint, knee is slightly bent, and leg is internally rotating to help reduce the stress forces from the impact.

Mid Stance

Also known as single support phase, during the midstance, your foot flattens on the ground (moving from pronation into supination) to provide support as your body is moving forward over the leading foot while the other foot is in swing phase.

In essence, during this subphase, your body weight shifts from the back to the front of your foot, preparing for toe off and forward propulsion.

This means that all of your body weight is born by a single leg, which might make it prone to discomfort and overuse injury.

The Toe Off/ Propulsion

The propulsion portion is the final stage of the stance phase.

It kicks off after the heel is off the ground and ends with the toes leaving the ground.

As you keep pushing forward, the heel starts lifting, while the muscles on the back of the leg—mainly the Gastrocs, Soleus, and Achilles Tendon—contract, resulting in plantar flexion of the ankle, allowing for toe off.

This subphase makes up the final 35 percent of the stance phase.

A common mistake beginners make is leaning too far forwards during the toe off.

This can hinder stride angle and might limit efficiency.

Instead, stay tall, aiming for a slight lean from the ankles.

The Swing Phase Of Running

The swing phase, or the “second phase of running”, refers to the time in which the foot is not in contact with the ground.

During this, your foot is swinging forward.

The swing phase starts with toe off and ends just before the foot hits the ground against, and a new gait cycle begins.

During this phase, your legs cycle through, ready for the next foot strike.

The swing phase is the longest phase of the running gait, making up the remaining 60 percent of the running gait, compared with 40 percent of the walking gait.

The swing phase of gait tends to be less relevant to running biomechanics for preventing injuries than the stance phase as there is no weight being born through the joints and muscles.

The main portion of this phase is known as the forward descent which occurs as the foot is being carried forward while it’s positioned for weight bearing.

Both the knee and the foot are flexed.

The swing phase ends at the heel contact, and a new gait cycle begins.

Additional resource – Guide to running lingo

What Is Running Gait Analysis

Gait analysis is no exercise in futility but a scientifically-based and reliable process.

Gait analysis is a scientific method for finding and understanding biomechanical abnormalities and challenges in your gait cycle.

A gait analysis can help a runner by identifying any underactive or overactive muscles in the feet, which could contribute to inefficiencies and overuse injuries in the future

In simple terms, running gait analysis is a way to assess your running style.

It draws a clear piece of the picture of your unique running technique.

What’s not to like!

The two crucial things that make normal gait possible are your posture and your foot interface with the ground.

Any abnormalities will force you to overcompensate.

This, over the long haul, causes damage and/or injury to the affected limbs.

There’s plenty of various types of gait analysis that you can perform, some more complex than others, and some easier to have done.

Usually, gait analysis requires taking a short video (from the front, rear, and side) of roughly 30 seconds of running on a treadmill in a neutral shoe with little to no cushioning.

This helps the professional to take an in-depth look at what your body looks like and how you move as you run on the treadmill, putting the focus on any abnormalities in your gait.

In general, runners are divided into three main categories: neutral, overpronators, and supinators.

Understanding your pronation type is key for choosing the right running shoes and hopefully helping avoid injury.

How To Perform Gait Analysis

The cheapest way to analyze your gait involves a relatively quick (and usually free) treadmill test at a running specialty shop.

To get started, you’ll be put in a neutral shoe and start walking, or running, on a treadmill.

Then you run for a short period on the treadmill.

This allows the staff to assess how you’re landing, where you’re landing, and check for any biomechanical deficiencies within your ankles or knees.

The whole testing process may take 15 to 20 minutes.

Once the analysis is done, the staff will show you a frame by frame replay.

By analyzing the way you run and taking into consideration your fitness level, running goals, and injury history, the staff can make the right shoe recommendation that best suits your needs.

Gait Analysis Results

Some of the most common problems revealed and found out by gait analysis include;

Heel striking—when the foot lands in front of the hips.
Slow cadence—taking longer strides at a lower frequency.
Hip drop—caused by a lack of core strength
Lack of flexibility and strength, especially in the calves and glutes.

These issues, as well as others, can limit running performance and contributes to overuse injuries.

Running Gait Cycle – The Conclusion

There you have it! If you’re curious about the phases of running and gait cycle biomechanics, then today’s post should get started on the right foot. The rest is just details.

Please feel free to leave your comments and questions in the section below.

Run and Walk to Success: Unleash Your Potential with the Run-Walk Method

August 30, 2023June 8, 2017 by David Dack

Are you a beginner runner struggling to build endurance? Or an experienced athlete looking to take your performance to the next level?

Either way, the Run Walk method might just be the answer you’ve been searching for.

This method was pioneered by Jeff Galloway, a former Olympian and renowned coach who has helped countless people get into running.

But what exactly is the Run Walk method? It’s a simple yet effective training strategy that involves mixing low-intensity running intervals with walking breaks.

By finding the right balance between running and walking, you can improve your fitness, build stamina, and reduce the risk of injury and burnout.

It’s time to lace up your shoes and give this method a try!

The Benefits of The Run-Walk Method for Beginners

Jeff Galloway, a former Olympian and renowned coach, pioneered the Run-Walk Method, which has helped over 200,000 runners and walkers improve their running performance. The method is simple: mixing low-intensity running intervals with walking breaks can improve performance and reduce the risk of injury.

For beginners, this method is particularly useful as it allows them to slowly build up their endurance without risking discomfort, injury, or burnout. And for those returning to running after a long hiatus, the walk/run sessions can help fortify slow-twitch muscle fibers and improve recovery time.

But don’t be fooled into thinking this method is only for beginners. Intermediate and advanced runners can also benefit from the Run-Walk Method. In fact, it can help them stay safe while nursing an injury and even improve their race times.

Don’t take my word for it.

A study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research found that runners who used the run-walk method had similar improvements in running performance as those who completed a continuous run. The study also found that the run-walk method resulted in less muscle damage and inflammation, suggesting that it may be a useful tool for reducing the risk of injury.

Another study published in the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine found that novice runners who used the run-walk method with a 3:1 ratio of running to walking had significantly lower levels of perceived exertion and muscle soreness than those who completed a continuous run. The study also found that the run-walk method led to similar improvements in running performance as continuous running.

The Downsides of the Walk Run Method

While the run-walk method has become increasingly popular among runners, it’s important to consider both the potential benefits and downsides before trying it.

One potential downside of the run-walk method is the risk of losing mental focus during the walking intervals. That’s why you might find it hard to get into running after stopping for a walk break. It’s like hitting a speed bump on the road – it interrupts your flow and can be jarring to your system. However, some runners find that the structured intervals of the run-walk method actually help break up the monotony of continuous running and can help keep them engaged throughout the workout.

Another potential downside of the run-walk method is the risk of slowing down the overall pace. This can be frustrating for runners who are used to maintaining a consistent pace throughout their runs.

However, studies have shown that the run-walk method can actually be an effective way to improve overall pace over time.

A study published in the Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport found that runners who used the run-walk method in a half marathon were able to maintain a faster pace overall compared to those who ran continuously. This is likely because the walking intervals help reduce fatigue and allow runners to recover more quickly between running intervals.

It’s also important to note that the run-walk method may not be suitable for everyone. For example, if you have a specific time goal for a race, the run-walk method may not be the best approach. In this case, continuous running may be a more effective strategy for achieving your goal.

Run Walk Ratio For Beginners

To make the most out of this method, take the walk breaks before fatigue starts to set in.

Contrary to popular belief, the walk/run method does not mean that you should take breaks only when tired.

Au contraire, it’s about taking a brief walk break even if you are not tired.

If you wait until you are completely drained, you might go over the red line, thus burning your engine before you are done working out.

To determine the appropriate run-walk ratio for your individual needs, consider factors such as your current fitness level and personal preferences. A study published in the Journal of Sports Science and Medicine found that a run-walk ratio of 3 minutes running to 1-minute walking was more efficient and less taxing on the body than a continuous run for novice runners.

Here are three walk-to-running ratios to try out.

Choose whatever ratio of walking and running that works for you.

The Beginner: Run for 15 to 30 seconds. Then walk for one to two minutes
The Intermediate: Run for two to five minutes. Then walk for one to two minutes.
The Experienced: Run for eight to ten minutes. Then walk for 30 seconds to one full minute.

As you become more comfortable with the run-walk method, you can progress the ratio over time, like a gardener tending to a plant and allowing it to grow and blossom. A gradual increase in the amount of running and a decrease in the amount of walking can help build endurance and improve overall running performance.

Additional resource – How long does it take to walk a mile

Progressing the run-walk ratio over time:

As you become more comfortable with the run-walk method and your fitness level improves, you can gradually progress the run-walk ratio to challenge your body and continue improving. This may involve increasing the amount of time you spend running while decreasing the amount of time you spend walking or experimenting with different ratios to find the one that works best for you.

A general rule of thumb is to increase the running time by no more than 10% per week while also reducing the walking time by a corresponding amount. For example, if you start with a 1:1 ratio and run for one minute and walk for one minute, you might progress to a 2:1 ratio, running for two minutes and walking for one minute.

It’s important to listen to your body and make adjustments as needed, especially if you experience any pain or discomfort. Gradual progression is key to avoiding injury and getting the most out of the run-walk method over the long term.

Go For Time, Not Distance

So do you make the most out of the run walk method?

Simple. The key is to focus on time, not distance. Instead of feeling pressure to cover a specific distance at a certain pace, measure your walk and run segments in terms of minutes. This takes the pressure off and allows you to focus on improving your endurance and stamina.

The Ideal Session

For an ideal session, start with a 5-minute warm-up walk, then begin an easy run/walk routine, alternating between jogging slowly for 1 minute and walking for 2-3 minutes for recovery. Make sure to fully recover during the walk segments before beginning again. Repeat the cycle 5-7 times and end with a proper cool-down.

Additional resource – How long does it take to walk five miles

The Run Walk Run Method for Beginners

If you’re a beginner, assess your fitness level and set realistic targets. For example, aim to run a 5K (3.1 miles) within 8-12 weeks of beginning your training. As you progress, increase your training volume, intensity, and frequency. And remember, consistency is key. By following this method consistently, you’ll be able to improve your endurance, reduce the risk of injury, and eventually run longer and faster than you ever thought possible.

Applying The Method

To incorporate the run-walk method into your training program, start with a few run-walk workouts per week and gradually increase the number of continuous runs over time like a sculptor gradually chiseling away at a block of marble to reveal a beautiful statue.

It’s also important to listen to your body and adjust your training program as needed, like a musician tuning their instrument to produce the best sound.

If you’re feeling fatigued or experiencing pain, it may be time to decrease the overall volume or intensity of your workouts, while if you’re feeling strong and making progress, you can gradually increase the volume and intensity of your workouts.

With patience and persistence, the run-walk method can be a valuable tool for improving your running performance and achieving your fitness goal.

Training Plans

The Internet is full of elaborate training programs, but I believe in keeping it simple.

Here are more tips for a great training plan:

Aim to exercise at least three times per week.
Walk, run/walk, or run for 20 to 30 minutes, three days a week.
Cross train or rest on your off days.
Keep your workouts at a conversational pace. AKA the Talk Test.

Stay In Your Lane

Remember, the key to injury-free training is staying within your fitness level. No more, no less. The Internet may be full of elaborate training programs, but keeping it simple is often the best approach. So, grab your running shoes, check the temperature, and get ready to hit the pavement with the run walk run method. Your running journey starts here!

The Run Walk Method – The Conclusion

And there you have it, my friends!

If you’re itching to dive into the world of running for the very first time, let me tell you, the run walk run method is your golden ticket. It’s the ultimate gateway to unleashing your inner runner, and the best part? The rest is just minor details. Trust me, you’ve got this!

Thank you so much for joining me on this exciting journey. Remember, when it comes to your training, keep pushing yourself and staying motivated. You’re capable of incredible things!

Wishing you endless miles of exhilarating runs and unforgettable adventures,

David D.

What is RPE in Running? Your Full Guide To RPE And Heart Rate Zones

November 18, 2024June 7, 2017 by David Dack

What is RPE in running?

If you’re looking for an answer, then learning you’re are in the right place.

Here’s the truth.

Running intensity is vital to measure as it can tell you whether you are training too hard or not pushing it hard enough.

Do too much, and you risk injury and/or burnout.

Do too little, and your fitness level will plateau, even decline, which is not what you want.

One of the commonly used methods is the Rating of Perceived Exertion. Using this rating system is a crucial component of any training program—regardless of your current fitness level and goals.

In this post, I will give you an overview of RPE in running—what is it, why you should use it, and how to efficiently use for maximum effect.

So, are you excited? Then here we go.

What is The RPE Scale?

The RPE scale, also known as the “Borg CR10 scale”, or the “Modified RPE scale.” is a method of rating perceived exertion.

It’s used, mostly, by exercise physiologists and personal trainers to measure the level of effort during physical activity.

The RPE scale is a rating scale ranging from 1 to 10.

The numbers on the scale correspond to descriptive statements that rate how hard or difficult t you find an exercise or physical activity.

The ratings are based on an array of feelings and sensation of physical stresses a trainee experiences during physical activity.

These include increased respiration, increased heart rate, sweating, muscle fatigue, and discomfort.

So, for instance, a rating of 1 means you are putting in any effort, whereas a rating of 9 means you’re near maximal exertion.

The RPE is typically used in cardiovascular training, but it can just as easily be applied to other forms of training, especially resistance training.

Additional Resource – Your Guide To Running Heart Rate Zones

It’s Convenient

Using the RPE rating system requires no equipment.

As long as you’re willing to listen to your body, you’re good to go.

The RPE scale is especially handy if you don’t own a heart rate monitor and/or don’t want to stop in the middle of your run to check your pulse and how hard you’re pushing yourself.

But don’t get me wrong.

For first-timers, the RPE complex rating system can be quite overwhelming. But, with a little bit of practice and perseverance, one can learn how to correctly use this powerful tool.

And this is worth the effort, especially for the long haul once you start taking your running routine more seriously.

Additional resource – Strava for runners

Different Runners Different Strokes

Now that you have a thorough grasp (hopefully) of what an RPE is, let’s talk about how we can put it to action.

And here is the key.

If you are serious about making the most out of this rating system, you need, in simple terms, to just start using it—even if you have never done it before.

To get good at this, make sure cultivate the habit of regularly rating each workout on a 1 to 10 scale both during the workout and right after.

You have to build your inner sensors.

Next, keep tabs on your RPE for your workouts in your training diary.

Just keep in mind that this scale is different for everyone.

So, for instance, super vigorous activity could be jogging at 4.5 MPH for one person or faster running at 9 MPH for another person.

So it’s up to you to come up with the right numbers and ratings.

Additional resource – Heart murmurs while exercising

RPE In Running Explained

Very easy. No exertion. You’re lounging on the couch, doing nothing physically The only movement you are doing is holding a potato chip and pushing buttons on the remote.
Fairly light exertion. This is how you ought to feel when you are warming up and cooling down, or stretching. You can converse with no effort.
Light exertion. You are moving, but it’s slow and easy like strolling. This how you should warm up your body before running. You can converse with almost no effort.
Moderately easy. Your breathing and heart rate is a little faster. You’re feeling a little warmer. And you’re starting to work up a sweat. But you can still maintain a conversation while exercising without much effort.
Moderate to somewhat hard exertion. Your heart is pumping faster. You are breathing harder. You’re feeling warmer. You can still converse, but it is getting tougher.
Hard exertion. You are breathing hard now. But you can still sip from your water bottle. You can only say a few words at a time.
Hard to somewhat intense exertion. You are breathing really hard, and are wondering how you can keep on going like this.
Very hard. You are breathing hard and nearing your maximal limit. You can no longer say a few words without gasping for air.
Super hard. You feel like your lungs are about to explode. You cannot keep this intensity for more than one minute. Conversing is impossible. This is one tad bit away from your maximum.

Ultimate exertion. This is your absolute limit. You cannot keep this pace for more than 10 seconds. Speaking is out of the question. Pain is everywhere.

How to Use The RPE Scale?

After warming up at a low to moderate level of exertion, begin your run.

Then, after a few minutes in, assess your exertion level from the scale.

For instance, if you still are feeling at an RPE under 6 and want to push more, then pick up your pace to increase your intensity.

You can this by running faster, adding intensity intervals (think sprints) or seeking out inclines or uphills.

If you’re feeling an intensity of 8 or 9, but you’re still mid-workout, you might want to slow down your pace until you’re back to the moderate intensity zone.

Additional Resource – Here’s your guide to the Maffetone Method.

RPE And Heart Rate Zones

Research has found a strong correlation between your RPE ratings and your actual heart rate during exercise.

For instance, a hard interval run should be RPE 9-10 or 94 to 99 percent of your maximum heart rate.

On the other hands, an easy recovery should be RPE 3-4, which corresponds to roughly 60 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate.

Just keep in mind that it’s only a rough estimate as physical conditioning, age, and other factors, vary from one individual to the next.

This is how you can correlate it to heart rate zones so you can have more measuring tools on your hand.

2-4 – Very light zone – 50 to 60 percent

4-5 – Light zone – 60 to 70 percent

5-7 – Moderate zone – 70 to 80 percent

7-9 – Hard zone – 80 to 90 percent

9-10 – Maxiumum zone – 90 to 100 percent.

New to Running? Start Here…

If you’re serious about running, getting fit, and staying injury free, then make sure to download my Runners Blueprint Guide!

Additional resource – Your guide to heart rate variability

Click HERE to check out my Runners Blueprint System today!

Don’t miss out! My awesome running plan is just one click away.

RPE in Running – The Conclusion

There you have it! If you’re looking for the full guide to RPE in running, then this post should get you started on the right foot. I’ve also shared with you a brief description on the link between RPE and heart rate zones. This means that you apply the RPE chart shared while doing any form physical exercise – Not just running.

Please feel free to leave your comments and questions in the section below.

In the meantime thank you for dropping by.

Keep training strong.

How to Choose The Best Running Socks

November 25, 2024June 6, 2017 by David Dack

Looking for the best advice on how to choose running socks?

You’re in the right place!

If you’re like me, you might not have thought much about socks when you first started running.

But trust me, the right pair of running socks can make all the difference between a comfortable run and one that leaves you with blisters, sore feet, or worse.

I used to think socks were just socks—until I started running seriously.

After several runs that ended with painful blisters, I finally learned that the socks you wear matter just as much as your shoes.

So, let’s talk about how you can find the perfect pair of running socks that will keep your feet dry, comfortable, and happy.

Why Proper Running Socks Matter

New to running? Let me help you skip the sock-related soreness

The right running socks can make a world of difference.

They’re designed specifically for the demands of running. They’re not just regular socks—they’re made to keep your feet dry and blister-free, even during long runs. Whether you’re heading out for a quick jog or a long-distance run, choosing the right socks is critical to your performance and comfort.

Poorly fitting socks can cause everything from toenail troubles to blisters and infections.

Wear the wrong socks, and every little irritation becomes magnified by mid-run.

The good news? Picking the right socks isn’t hard once you know what to look for.

How to Choose the Right Running Socks

When it comes to picking running socks, there are a few key factors to consider, including the material, size, length, and thickness.

Here’s what I’ve learned about choosing the right socks, so you can skip the trial and error:

Avoid Cotton Socks

One of the first lessons I learned about running socks was to avoid cotton at all costs. I used to wear cotton socks, thinking they were comfortable, but every time my feet got sweaty, they stayed wet. One rainy morning, I went for a run in those cotton socks. By the time I got home, my feet looked like raisins, and I was dealing with painful blisters.

That’s when I made the switch to synthetic materials. Socks made with CoolMax or polyester changed everything. My feet stayed dry, and the blisters became a thing of the past.

Here’s the truth.

Damp feet are a recipe for misery and blisters when running.

Running with wet feet also increases the chances of infections and can make cold-weather runs feel even colder. Instead, you want socks made from moisture-wicking materials that pull sweat away from your skin.

Fabrics too shoot for include:

Synthetic blends: Polyester, nylon, acrylic, and spandex are great for wicking away moisture.
Merino wool: A great natural option that wicks moisture, regulates temperature, and prevents odors.
CoolMax or Drymax: These high-tech fabrics are specifically designed to keep your feet dry.

Choosing the right material means drier, more comfortable feet with fewer blister worries.

The Right Size Of Running Socks

I used to think, “If the sock fits, wear it.” But I quickly realized that size really matters. Too tight, and your feet feel like they’re in a vice grip. Too loose, and you’ll end up with saggy socks and blisters.

For me, finding the right fit was all about getting that heel portion to land exactly where it should—right on my heel. It sounds simple, but it’s a game-changer.

One time, I wore a pair of socks that were just slightly too big. I didn’t think it would matter until I felt them bunching up in my shoes during a long run. By mile five, I had blisters forming under my arch. Lesson learned.

This is how to tell if your socks fit right:

The heel cup of the sock should line up with your actual heel.
There shouldn’t be any bunching or slipping.
The socks should feel snug, but not so tight that they’re cutting off circulation or overstretched.

What’s more?

Always try socks with your running shoes to avoid pressure points

The Many Lengths Of Running Socks

When it comes to sock length, I’ve tried them all. Crew socks, ankle socks, and those low-cut ones that barely peek above your shoe. I quickly learned that crew socks are a lifesaver when running trails with overgrown brush. And when I’m going for a casual road run, ankle socks are usually my go-to.

Once, I chose ankle socks for a muddy trail—big mistake. I spent the entire run stopping to empty out dirt and tiny pebbles that found their way in.

Since then, I’ve saved the ankle socks for cleaner routes and wear crew-length socks on those trail adventures.

Here’s a quick guide to the different sock lengths:

No-show or ankle socks: These are great for summer runs when you want to keep cool and don’t need extra coverage. They sit right above your shoe line.
Crew socks: These come up to mid-calf and offer more protection from debris and trail running hazards.
Compression socks: These knee-high socks provide graduated compression that improves blood flow and helps with recovery. They’re especially popular for longer runs or recovery after a race.

Thickness of Fabric

One of the most confusing things for me in the beginning was figuring out how thick my socks should be. I tried super-thin socks once on a summer run, thinking they would keep my feet cool. But I ended up with friction burns because they offered almost no cushioning. After experimenting, I found that a medium thickness works best for most of my runs.

Now, I keep a variety of socks on hand. When it’s colder out, I opt for thicker pairs that offer more warmth and protection. In the summer, I choose a lighter option that still provides some padding.

So as a rule:

Thin socks: These are lightweight and ideal for summer running or if you prefer a minimal feel. However, if you’re prone to blisters, thin socks might not offer enough protection.
Thick socks: Thicker socks offer more cushioning, especially around the heel and ball of the foot. They’re great for added comfort during long runs or if you’re running on harder surfaces.

Running Compression Socks

I was skeptical about compression socks at first. Could they really make a difference? Rave reviews from other runners convinced me to try them during half marathon training. And honestly, I haven’t looked back since.

For me, compression socks aren’t just about performance. They also help my legs feel less fatigued after long runs. I’ve even started wearing them after tough workouts to speed up recovery. I can’t say for sure if they’ve made me faster, but I definitely feel more comfortable and less sore.

Compression socks tighten around the ankle and loosen up the calf, boosting circulation. They also help with swelling and can prevent that heavy-leg feeling you sometimes get after a tough run. If you’re curious about compression socks, give them a try—you might just find they’re the boost you need for faster recovery.

Avoiding Blisters

Blisters are a runner’s worst enemy, but there are ways to avoid them, starting with the right socks. If you’re prone to blisters, look for socks that offer extra protection in high-friction areas, like the heel and toes. Some brands offer double-layer socks designed to reduce friction between your foot and the shoe.

You can also try wearing two pairs of socks—one thin and one thicker—to create a barrier between your foot and the shoe. This method works well for some runners, though I personally prefer single-layer socks with targeted cushioning.

Frequently Asked Questions

I know that you have more than one pressing questions about running socks. Let me address some of the most common ones.

How often should I replace my running socks?

Running socks, like any part of your gear, wear out over time. Typically, you’ll want to replace them every 6–12 months, depending on how often you run and the conditions you run in. If you notice signs like thinning fabric, loss of elasticity, or if they just don’t feel as cushioned, it’s time for a new pair. Worn-out socks can lead to more friction, which means a higher chance of blisters!

Can I use hiking socks for running?

While hiking socks are designed for comfort and durability, they’re often thicker and made from materials that aren’t as moisture-wicking as running socks. Hiking socks can work in a pinch, especially on colder days, but for regular runs, especially long distances, stick with socks specifically designed for running. They’re optimized for breathability, moisture management, and minimal friction—exactly what your feet need on a run.

What length of sock is best for running?

This really depends on your preference and the type of running you do. No-show and ankle-length socks are popular for road runners who prefer minimal coverage. For trail running or areas with brush, crew-length socks offer extra protection from dirt and debris. On cold days, longer socks (like calf-length) can provide additional warmth. The right length ultimately comes down to comfort and the conditions you’re running in.

The Conclusion

Ultimately, picking the best running socks is about what feels right for you.

My advice is to experiment with different types, lengths, and thicknesses to find what works best for you. I’ve found that having a variety of socks keeps me prepared for any weather or training condition.

Trust me, once you find your perfect pair, you’ll wonder how you ran without them.

VO2 Max Charts Explained – How to Find Your V02 Max Score The Easy Way

November 22, 2024June 5, 2017 by David Dack

You’ve probably come across the term ‘VO2 Max’ if you’re into fitness

Maybe you’ve picked up that it’s got something to do with oxygen and exercise, and you’re on the right track!

Put simply, VO2 Max measures how much oxygen your body can use while you’re exercising.

A higher VO2 Max lets you go harder and longer during workouts.

It’s a term that might seem complicated at first, especially when looking at VO2 Max charts.

But trust me, it’s not as complex as it seems, and once you get the hang of it, you’ll find it’s a valuable tool in your fitness journey.

Let’s break it down in simple terms.

So, What Exactly is VO2 Max?

As I said before, VO2 Max is the maximum volume of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise. It’s measured in either liters per minute (L/min) or milliliters per minute per kilogram of body weight (mL/min/kg).

Here’s a quick breakdown:

V in VO2 stands for volume.
O2 is oxygen, of course.
Max refers to the maximum.

Think of VO2 Max like the horsepower in a car. It tells you how much “power” your body can produce with the oxygen it consumes.

The higher your score, the longer and faster you can keep going—whether running, swimming, biking, or doing any other aerobic activity.

How VO2 Max Works in Your Body

A few main things affect your VO2 Max:

Lung and Heart Capacity: The bigger your lungs and heart, the more oxygen-rich blood they can pump.
Capillary Delivery: How efficiently your body delivers oxygen to your muscles.
Muscle Efficiency: How well your muscles use the oxygen to generate energy.

In practical terms, improving any of these factors will boost your VO2 Max and, in turn, your endurance and performance.

When I started focusing on lung capacity through specific breathing exercises, I noticed a tangible difference in my stamina during long runs.

What Factors Affect VO2 Max?

VO2 Max is different for everyone and depends on a few key things:

Age: Most people hit their peak VO2 Max in their late 20s or early 30s. After that, it decreases by about 10% every decade. But don’t worry, regular training can slow this decline even as you age.
Gender: On average, men tend to have higher VO2 Max scores than women due to larger hearts, more blood volume, and greater muscle mass. That said, women can still achieve impressive scores with the right training.
Heredity: Genetics account for about 10-30% of your VO2 Max, so some of us have a natural head start. But hard work can always make a difference!
Altitude: The higher you go, the less oxygen in the air can lower your VO2 Max. I remember my first high-altitude run—it was brutal!
Training: VO2 Max is highly trainable. With consistent effort, you can increase your score by up to 20%, depending on your current fitness level and how you train.

VO2 Max and Athletic Performance

If you aim to boost your athletic performance, VO2 Max is a useful metric, but it’s not the whole story.

Athletes with similar VO2 Max scores can perform very differently depending on techniques, mental toughness, and muscle efficiency. For example, a runner with excellent form and a well-structured training plan will outpace someone with a higher VO2 Max but poor form.

What’s more?

A high VO2 Max in one sport doesn’t automatically make you great at others

For example, Eliud Kipchoge might dominate the marathon, but that doesn’t mean he could switch to swimming and be just as successful. Different sports require different skill sets, even if they all rely on aerobic fitness.

More Benefits

Research found the V02 Max drastically impacts your lifespan.

A low score has been correlated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease, according to the American Heart Association (AHA).

The next VO2 Max charts highlight ideal fitness levels to help lower heart disease risks, according to research from the Cooper Institute.

Source – Whyexercise.com

If you’re in the blue zone, congrats—you’re in great shape!

For those in the yellow and green zone, you can still reduce your risks by making a few lifestyle changes—one of them is improving your V02 Max (more on that later).

What’s a Good VO2 Max?

Like any fitness metric, there’s no one-size-fits-all “good” VO2 Max score.

Several factors influence it, and what’s considered a good score for one person may be different for someone else.

For example:

A non-trained male might have a VO2 Max of around 30 to 40 mL/kg/min, while a non-trained female might be closer to 27 to 30 mL/kg/min.
Elite male athletes can have VO2 Max scores as high as 90 mL/kg/min, and elite female athletes can hit the 80s.

If you’re in your 30s, a good score might be around 50-55 mL/kg/min for men and 45-50 mL/kg/min for women. The higher your number, the better your aerobic fitness.

Here are some VO2 Max charts for good averages based on gender, age, and fitness taken from top-end sports, that show normative data in different population groups.

VO2 Max Averages by Fitness Level

Let’s break it down with some numbers to give you a general idea:

Non-trained male: Around 30 to 40 mL/kg/min
Non-trained female: Roughly 27 to 30 mL/kg/min
Elite male athletes: Can reach as high as 90 mL/kg/min
Elite female athletes: Around 77 to 80 mL/kg/min

For a 30-year-old man, a VO2 Max score between 50-55 mL/kg/min is considered good, while for a 30-year-old woman, a score between 45-50 mL/kg/min is solid.

Generally, the closer you get to a score of 60, the better your aerobic fitness.

VO2 Max and Endurance Training

As you can already tell, VO2 max is key to top-notch athletic performance

The living proof? Renowned ultra-endurance runner Kilian Jornet was reported at 92.0 ml/kg/min during the peak of his conditioning, while Norwegian cross country skier Espen Harald Bjerke scored 96.0 ml/kg/min.

How to Measure Your VO2 Max

You can measure VO2 Max through lab tests or simpler DIY methods. Let’s dive into both options.

The VO2 Max Lab Test: The Gold Standard

A lab test is the most accurate way to get a true VO2 Max reading. Here’s how it works:

The Mask: You’ll wear an oxygen mask that measures the concentrations of inspired and expired air as you exercise.
The Workout: You’ll start at a low intensity, then gradually increase the difficulty by adding resistance, speed, or incline (depending on the machine). The test continues until you reach exhaustion.
The Reading: Your VO2 Max is recorded when your oxygen consumption plateaus, despite increasing exercise intensity.

I’ve done this test myself, and while it’s super accurate, it’s also expensive and not something you need to do unless you’re an elite athlete or serious about your training.

Let’s check the alternatives.

Submaximal VO2 Max Tests

For most of us, a lab test isn’t necessary. Instead, you can use submaximal tests to estimate your VO2 Max. They’re not as precise but still provide valuable insights.

Here are a couple of easy tests to try:

1. The Cooper 12-Minute Run Test

Dr. Kenneth Cooper developed this test and is a great way to estimate your VO2 Max. It’s simple, requires minimal equipment, and gives you a reliable reading of your aerobic capacity.

How to Perform the Cooper Test:

Warm up for 10 minutes with a light jog and some dynamic stretches.
Find a flat track or road and run as hard as possible for 12 minutes. The goal is to cover as much distance as possible.
Record the distance you covered, then use a formula to estimate your VO2 Max:

Formula: VO2 Max = (Distance in meters – 504.9) / 44.73

For example, if you ran 2,200 meters, your VO2 Max would be: VO2 Max = (2200 – 504.9) / 44.73 = 37.97 mL/kg/min.

Not bad, right?

Let’s check the Vo2 max chart related to the Cooper Method

The Astrand Treadmill Test

Another submaximal test you can do is the Astrand Treadmill Test. It’s straightforward, but it will push you to your limits.

How it works:

Set the treadmill speed to 5 mph (8 km/h).
Start with no incline for three minutes, then increase the incline by 2.5% every two minutes while maintaining the same speed.
Run until you reach exhaustion, then record your total time.

Once you have your time, you can use a simple formula to calculate your VO2 Max: VO2 Max = (Time in minutes x 1.44) + 14.99

For example, if you lasted 13 minutes, your calculation would be: 13 x 1.44 = 18.72 18.72 + 14.99 = 33.71 mL/kg/min.

Check the full guide here.

3. The Rockport Fitness Walking Test

The Rockport Fitness Walking Test is perfect for you if you prefer walking to running. It was developed in the 80s and is easy to self-administer.

How to perform it:

Find a level 1-mile track or road.
Warm up for 5 to 10 minutes.
Walk one mile as fast as you can without breaking into a run.
Record your time and your heart rate at the end.

Formula: VO2 Max = 132.853 – (0.0769 x Weight) – (0.3877 x Age) + (6.315 x Gender) – (3.2649 x Time) – (0.1565 x Heart rate)

The math looks complicated, but once you plug in your numbers, it’s a great way to estimate your VO2 Max without fancy equipment.

Still want more V02 Max tests?

There are many methods for estimating VO2’max scores and different types of VO2 max charts.

Maybe you heard a similar term but different methods.

Here are some of the most reliable ones.

These should be suitable for any fitness and lifestyle—even if you can’t walk:

How to Increase Your VO2 Max

Increasing your maximal oxygen consumption won’t help you automatically run, swim, or ride faster.

But it’s a step in the right direction.

So, what’s the fastest (and legal) way to improve your VO2 Max?

Is it:

(a) Diet

(b) Sleep

(c) Steady-state cardio training

(d) High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

(e) Altitude training

If you answered (d), you’re on the right path.

According to research, high-Intensity Interval Training, or HIIT for short, is the ideal way of improving your peak oxygen intake, as it challenges your cardiovascular system to work to maximum effort.

The more you push yourself (the higher the RPE Scale), the better.

HIIT workouts consist of performing intervals of intense aerobic exercise, like running, spinning, or swimming, taking a recovery break, then repeating the whole cycle for a specific amount of time.

Here are two specific workout routines to help you boost your VO2 Max:

Track Workout: Run five 1,000-meter intervals at near-max intensity, with two to three minutes of recovery between intervals.
Treadmill Incline Workout: Set the treadmill to an 8% incline and do five two-minute intervals at maximum effort, with two minutes of rest in between.

How to Improve Your VO2 Max

Improving your VO2 Max takes time, effort, and consistency, but it’s worth it. Here are some of the best ways to boost your VO2 Max:

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): I hate to sound like a broken record, but research shows that HIIT is one of the most effective ways to improve your VO2 Max.
Steady-State Cardio: While HIIT is great for fast improvements, longer steady-state cardio sessions (like long runs) also improve your VO2 Max. Mix it up for the best results.
Altitude Training: Training at higher elevations forces your body to use oxygen more efficiently, which can increase your VO2 Max over time.
Cross-Training: Activities like cycling, swimming, and rowing can also improve your cardiovascular capacity without the repetitive impact of running.

Frequently Asked Questions About VO2 Max

Let me address some of the most common questions regarding VO2 Max.

What is a good VO2 max for my age?

VO2 max values can vary significantly based on age, sex, and fitness level. As a general guideline:

For men aged 20-29, a good VO2 max is around 42-50 mL/kg/min.
For women aged 20-29, a good VO2 max ranges from 35-43 mL/kg/min.

As you age, VO2 max typically declines. For example, men in their 50s may have an average of 35-40 mL/kg/min, while women in the same age group average 30-35 mL/kg/min. It’s important to note that individual fitness levels can vary, so consider these numbers as general benchmarks.

How does altitude affect VO2 max?

Altitude can significantly impact VO2 max. At higher elevations, the availability of oxygen decreases, which can lead to a temporary reduction in aerobic capacity. Studies show that VO2 max can decrease by approximately 1% for every 100 meters (about 328 feet) of elevation gained.

However, many athletes train at altitude to adapt their bodies to utilize oxygen more efficiently, potentially leading to improved performance when returning to lower elevations.

What are the signs that my VO2 max is improving?

You may notice several indicators of improved VO2 max, including:

Increased running pace at a given effort level.
Enhanced endurance during longer runs.
A faster recovery time after intense workouts.
A decrease in perceived exertion during similar intensity levels.

Tracking these changes over time can help you gauge the effectiveness of your training.

Join the Conversation!

We want to hear from you! Have you measured your VO2 max, or are you curious about how it can impact your running performance? What experiences do you have with training to improve your VO2 max? Sharing your journey can provide valuable insights for fellow runners who are navigating their own paths to better fitness.

Feel free to share your thoughts, ask questions, or offer tips that have helped you in your training in the comments section below. Whether you’re just starting to explore VO2 max or have some tried-and-true methods to share, your voice matters in our running community!

Let’s support each other on our running journeys—together, we can achieve our goals and inspire one another!